UTERINE FIBROIDS

Uterine fibroids are benign muscular tumors that grows in the walls of uterus. Fibroids are most common in women in their 40s and early 50s.In most cases fibroids does not cause any symptoms, however, abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common symptom of a fibroid. If the tumors are near the uterine lining, or interfere with the blood flow to the lining, they can cause heavy or painful periods, prolonged periods, or spotting between menses. Uterine fibroids that are degenerating can sometimes cause severe, localized pain.

Fibroids may be

• Subserosal (under the outer surface of the uterus)

• Intramural (in the wall of the uterus)

• Submucosal (under the lining of the uterus)

• Pedunculated (growing on a stalk)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Fibroids are a result of the inappropriate growth of uterine smooth muscle tissue or myometrium. Their growth is dependent on estrogen and progesterone levels. The underlying pathophysiology is uncertain.

RISK FACTORS

Major risk factors include those that increase the exposure to higher levels of endogenous estrogen. Certain risk factors include early menarche, nulliparity, obesity, and late entry into menopause, and a positive family history of uterine fibroids.

DIAGNOSIS

Transvaginal ultrasound is the gold standard for imaging uterine fibroids.